 Chinese name: Toluene
Foreign name: methylbenzene
Alias: Methylbenzene, Phenylmethane
Molecular formula: C7H8
CAS number: 108-88-3
Relative molecular weight: 92.14
Chemical category: Organic compounds - homologues of benzene
Control type: Toluene (Precursor-3)
Storage: Sealed and cool storage
Appearance and Characteristics: Colorless and transparent liquid with an aromatic odor similar to benzene.
Melting point (℃):- ninety-four point nine
Relative density (water=1): 0.87
Boiling point (℃): 110.6
Relative vapor density (air=1): 3.14
Solubility: Insoluble in water, miscible in most organic solvents such as benzene, alcohols, and ethers.
chemical property
Lively, similar to benzene. It can undergo oxidation, sulfonation, nitration, and disproportionation reactions, as well as side chain chlorination reactions. Toluene can be oxidized to benzoic acid.
Function and Application
Toluene is widely used as a solvent and high octane gasoline additive, and is also an important raw material in organic chemistry. However, compared to benzene and xylene obtained from coal and petroleum, the current production is relatively surplus. Therefore, a considerable amount of toluene is used for dealkylation to produce benzene or disproportionation to produce xylene. A series of intermediates derived from toluene, widely used in dyes; Medicine; pesticides; Fire and explosives; auxiliary; The production of fine chemicals such as spices is also used in the synthetic materials industry. Chlorobenzyl chloride obtained by side chain chlorination of toluene; Dichlorobenzyl and trichlorobenzyl, including their derivatives benzyl alcohol; Benzaldehyde and benzoyl chloride (usually obtained from the phosgene of benzoic acid), in medicine; pesticides; Dyes, especially in the synthesis of fragrances, are widely used. The cyclic chlorination product of toluene is a pesticide; Medicine; Intermediate of dyes. The oxidation of toluene yields benzoic acid, which is an important food preservative (mainly using its sodium salt) and also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Intermediates obtained by sulfonation of toluene and benzene derivatives, including p-toluenesulfonic acid and its sodium salt; CLT acid; Toluene-2,4-disulfonic acid; Benzaldehyde 2,4-disulfonic acid; Toluene sulfonyl chloride and other additives are used as detergent additives and anti caking additives in fertilizers; Organic pigments; Medicine; Production of dyes. Toluene nitration produces a large amount of intermediates. Many final products can be derived, including polyurethane products; Dyes and organic pigments; Rubber additives; Medicine; Explosives and other aspects are the most important. Toluene can react with concentrated nitric acid to form trinitrotoluene (TNT).
Hazard Overview
Health hazards: Irritable to the skin and mucous membranes, and has an anesthetic effect on the central nervous system.
Acute poisoning: Inhaling high concentrations of this product in a short period of time may cause obvious irritation symptoms in the eyes and upper respiratory tract, conjunctival and pharyngeal congestion, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, limb weakness, unsteady gait, and blurred consciousness. Severe patients may experience restlessness, convulsions, and coma.
Chronic poisoning: Long term exposure can lead to neurasthenia syndrome, hepatomegaly, and menstrual abnormalities in female workers. Dry, cracked, and dermatitis skin.
Environmental hazards: It poses a serious threat to the environment and can cause pollution to the air, water environment, and water sources.
Explosive hazard: This product is flammable and irritating.
Emergency measures
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and thoroughly rinse the skin with soap and water.
Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse with flowing water or saline solution. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: Quickly leave the scene and move to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, immediately perform artificial respiration. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water and induce vomiting. Seek medical attention.
Fire protection measures
Hazardous characteristics: Flammable, its vapor can form explosive mixtures with air, and can cause combustion and explosion when exposed to open flames or high heat energy. Can react strongly with oxidants. Excessive flow rate can easily generate and accumulate static electricity. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at lower levels. It will ignite and reignite when exposed to a source of fire.
Harmful combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Fire extinguishing method: Spray water to cool the container, and if possible, move the container from the fire scene to an open area. If the container in the fire has changed color or produced sound from the safety relief device, it must be evacuated immediately.
Extinguishing agent: foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand. Using water to extinguish the fire is ineffective.
Emergency response to leakage
Emergency response: Quickly evacuate personnel from the contaminated area to a safe zone, isolate them, and strictly restrict their entry and exit. Cut off the fire source. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive pressure respirators and protective clothing. Cut off the leakage source as much as possible. Prevent the flow into restricted spaces such as sewers and drainage ditches.
Minor leakage: Absorb with activated carbon or other inert materials. It can also be brushed with lotion made of incombustible dispersant, and the washing solution is diluted and discharged into the wastewater system.
Massive leakage: Construct embankments or dig pits to contain it. Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster. Transfer to a tanker or dedicated collector using an explosion-proof pump, and recycle or transport to a waste disposal site for disposal.
Handling and Storage
Precautions for operation: Closed operation, strengthen ventilation. Operators must undergo specialized training and strictly adhere to operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter type gas masks (half face masks), chemical safety goggles, work clothes that prevent toxic substances from penetrating, and rubber oil resistant gloves. Keep away from sources of fire and heat, and smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent steam leakage into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidants. During filling, the flow rate should be controlled and there should be a grounding device to prevent static electricity accumulation. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equip with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and emergency response equipment for leaks. Empty containers may contain residual harmful substances.
Storage precautions: Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Stay away from sources of fire and heat. The storage temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants and avoid mixing storage. Adopt explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. Prohibit the use of mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to generating sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency response equipment for leaks and suitable containment materials.
security information
Packaging grade: II
Hazard category: 3
Customs code: 2902300000
Dangerous goods transportation code: UN12943/PG2
WGKGermany：2
Hazard category code: R11:HighlyFlammable. R38:Irritatingtotheskin. R48/20:Harmful:dangerofseriousdamagetohealthbyprolongedexposurethroughinhalation. R63:Possibleriskofharmtotheunbornchild. R65:Harmful:Maycauselungdamageifswallowed. R67:Vapors
Safety instructions: S36/37-S46-S62-S45
RTECS number: XS5250000
Dangerous goods signs: F,Xn,T
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